Awit Ng Manlalakbay

Kagaya ng dahong nalanta, nalagas,
Sinisiklut-siklot ng hanging marahas;
Abang manlalakbay ay wala nang liyag,
Layuin, kalulwa’t bayang matatawag.

Hinahabul-habol yaong kapalarang
Mailap at hindi masunggab-sunggaban;
Magandang pag-asa’y kung nanlalabo man,
Siya’y patuloy ring patungo kung saan!

Sa udyok ng hindi nakikitang lakas,
Silanga’t Kanlura’y kanyang nililipad,
Mga minamahal ay napapangarap,
Gayon din ang araw ng pamamanatag.

Sa pusod ng isang disyertong mapanglaw,
Siya’y maaaring doon na mamatay,
Limot ng daigdig at sariling bayan,
Kamtan nawa niya ang kapayapaan!

Dami ng sa kanya ay nangaiinggit,
Ibong naglalakaby sa buong daigdig,
Hindi nila tanto ang laki ng hapis
Na sa kanyang puso ay lumiligalig.

Kung sa mga tanging minahal sa buhay
Siya’y magbalik pa pagdating ng araw,
Makikita niya’y mga guho lamang
At puntod ng kanyang mga kaibigan.

Abang manlalakbay! Huwag nang magbalik,
Sa sariling baya’y wala kang katalik;
Bayaang ang puso ng iba’y umawit,
Lumaboy kang muli sa buong daigdig.

Abang manlalakbay! Bakit babalik pa?
Ang luhang inyukol sa iyo’y tuyo na;
Abang manlalakbay! Limutin ang dusa,
Sa hapis ng tao, mundo’y nagtatawa.

History of Pangasinan

Pangasinan is one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines. The provincial capital is Lingayen. Pangasinan is located on the west central area of the island of Luzon along the Lingayen Gulf. The total land area of Pangasinan is 5,368.82 square kilometers. According to the latest census, it has a population of 2,645,395 people in 477,819 households. The total population is projected to rise to 3,039,500 in 2010.^[1]. According to the 2007 Philippine general elections, Pangasinan has a voting population of 1,360,807, the second highest in the Philippines.

The Pangasinan language is the primary language in Pangasinan. The estimated population of the indigenous speakers of this language is about 1.5 million.

The name Pangasinan means “land of salt” or “place of salt-making”; it is derived from asin, the word for “salt” in the Pangasinan language. The province is a major producer of salt in the Philippines

An ancient kingdom called Luyag na Kaboloan existed in Pangasinan before the Spanish conquest that began on the 15th century. Princess Urduja, a legendary woman warrior, is believed to have ruled in Pangasinan around the 14th century. The maritime trade network that once flourished in ancient Southeast Asia connected Pangasinan with other peoples of Southeast Asia, India, China, and the Pacific.

Pangasinan is famous for the Hundred Islands National Park. This is a marine park located off the coast of Alaminos City in the Lingayen Gulf and is composed of some 123 islands, most of which are quite small and uninhabited.

During the summer, several feasts and festivals are celebrated in Pangasinan, including the Fiestay Dayat (Sea Feast) or Bagat ed Dayat (Sea Feast), the Bangus (Milkfish) Festival, and the Mangga tan Kawayan (Mango and Bamboo) festivals.

Pangasinan is noted as the birthplace of President Fidel V. Ramos, and Speaker Jose de Venecia, Jr. The mother of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo was from Binalonan, Pangasinan. The father of the late actor and former presidential candidate Fernando Poe Jr. was from San Carlos City, Pangasinan. The maternal great-grandfather of Jose Rizal, a Philippine national hero, was a Pangasinan lawyer named Manuel Facundo de Quintos who was the gobernadorcillo of Lingayen in the 1850s. Jacqueline Aquino Siapno, a professor from Dagupan City, is the interim first lady of East Timor.

The 1200 megawatt Sual Coal-Fired Power Plant, and the 345 megawatt San Roque Multi-Purpose Dam are located in Pangasinan. Pangasinan has extensive areas devoted to salt making and aquaculture along the coasts of Lingayen Gulf and South China Sea. Pangasinan is a major producer of rice, mangoes, and bamboo crafts.

Pangasinan occupies a strategic geo-political position in the central plain of Luzon, known as the rice granary of the Philippines. Pangasinan has been described as a gateway to northern Luzon and as the heartland of the Philippines.

The province is 170 kilometers north of Manila, 50 kilometers south of Baguio City, 115 kilometers north of Subic International Airport and Seaport, and 80 kilometers north of Clark International Airport.

History

Ancient History

The Pangasinan people, like most of the people in the Malay Archipelago, are descended from the Austronesian-speakers who settled in Southeast Asia since prehistoric times. Genetic studies locate the origin of the Austronesian languages in Sundaland, which was populated as early as 50,000 years ago. ^[2][3] The Pangasinan language is one of many languages that belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languages branch of the Austronesian languages family.

Southeast Asian Maritime Trade Network

The ancient Malayo-Polynesian-speakers were expert navigators who had sailing ships capable of crossing the distant seas. The ancient Malagasy sailed from the Malay archipelago to Madagascar, an island across the Indian Ocean, and probably reached Africa. The ancient Polynesians navigated the distant Pacific islands as far away as Hawaii and Easter Island, and probably also reached America. At least several hundred years before the arrival of Europeans, Macassans, from Makassar in Sulawesi, Indonesia, sailing with their prau, established settlements in the north coast of Australia, which they called Marege.

A vast maritime trade network connecting the distant Malayo-Polynesian settlements from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean existed in ancient times. The Pangasinan people are one of the heirs of the ancient Malayo-Polynesian civilization.

Pangasinan was founded by Malayo-Polynesian settlers in ancient times who established settlements along the Agno River. Archaeological evidence and early Chinese and Indian records show that the inhabitants of Pangasinan traded with India, China and Japan as early as the 8th century A.D.

Princess Urduja and Luyag na Caboloan

The Srivijaya and Majapahit empires arose in Indonesia and their influence extended to much of the Malay Archipelago. Pangasinan probably maintained ties with the other peoples of the Malay Archipelago through the vast maritime trade network that once flourished in ancient Southeast Asia. An ancient kingdom called Luyag na Kaboloan once existed in Pangasinan. Luyag na Kaboloan was located in the Agno River valley and the Pangasinan Plain with Binalatongan as its capital. Princess Urduja, a legendary woman warrior, is believed to have ruled in Pangasinan around the 14th century. The legend of Urduja is shared by the Ibaloi people in the northern province of Benguet. Most likely, the Pangasinan people and the Ibaloi people were once united or had a common origin. Pangasinan enjoyed full independence before the Spanish conquest.

Religion before Catholicism

The people of Pangasinan practiced Shamanist or animist beliefs and rituals before the Spanish conquest. The people of Pangasinan maintained this set of beliefs and rituals through priests, priestesses, and healers who represented a pantheon of anitos (“deities”). They had temples dedicated to an anito (“deity”) called Ama Kaoley (Supreme Father) who communicated through mediums called manag-anito. These mediums wore special costumes when serving an anito and they made offerings of oils, ointments, essences, and perfumes in exquisite vessels; and after the offerings were made the anito is supposed to reply in a secret room to their questions. (See Nick Joaquin. “Culture and History,” page 274).

Spanish Colonization

On April 27, 1565, the Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi arrived in the Philippine islands with about 500 soldiers to establish a Spanish settlement and begin the conquest of the archipelago. On May 24, 1570, the Spanish forces defeated Rajah Sulayman and other rulers of Manila and later declared Manila as the new capital of the Spanish East Indies. After securing Manila, the Spanish forces continued to conquer the rest of the island of Luzon, including Pangasinan.

Provincia de Pangasinan

In 1571, the Spanish conquest of Pangasinan began with an expedition by the Spanish conquistador Martín de Goiti, who came from the Spanish settlement in Manila through Pampanga. About a year later, another Spanish conquistador, Juan de Salcedo, sailed to Lingayen Gulf and landed at the mouth of the Agno River. Limahong, a Chinese pirate, fled to Pangasinan after his fleet was driven away from Manila in 1574. Limahong failed to establish a colony in Pangasinan as an army lead by Juan de Salcedo chased him out of Pangasinan after a seven-month siege.

By 1580, Pangasinan was made into an Alacadia Mayor by the Spanish Governor of the Philippines. Roman Catholic Augustinian, Franciscan, and Dominican missionaries arrived with the conquistadors and most of the inhabitants of Pangasinan converted to Roman Catholicism. In 1611, Pangasinan became a Spanish colonial province, comprising the territories of Zambales and some areas of La Union and Tarlac. Lingayen was made the capital of the province (and still is to this day). Continued resistance to Spanish rule was forced to go underground or flee to the mountains.

Rebellion against the Spanish Rule

Malong Liberation

Andres Malong, a native chief of the town of Binalatongan, now named San Carlos City, liberated the province from Spanish rule in December 1660. The people of Pangasinan proclaimed Andres Malong Ari na Pangasinan (“King of Pangasinan”). Pangasinan armies attempted to liberate the neighboring provinces of Pampanga and Ilocos, but were repelled by a Spanish-led coalition of loyalist tribal warriors and mercenaries. In February 1661, the newly independent Kingdom of Pangasinan fell to the Spanish.

Palaris Liberation

On November 3, 1762, the people of Pangasinan proclaimed independence from Spain after a rebellion led by Juan de la Cruz Palaris overthrew Spanish rule in Pangasinan. The Pangasinan revolt was sparked by news of the fall of Manila to the British on October 6, 1762. However, after the Treaty of Paris on March 1, 1763 that closed the Seven Years’ War between Britain, France and Spain, the Spanish colonial forces made a counter-attack. On January 16, 1765, Juan de la Cruz Palaris was captured and Pangasinan independence was again lost.

Philippine Revolution

Main article: Philippine Revolution

The Katipunan, a nationalist secret society, was founded on July 7, 1892 with the aim of uniting the peoples of the Philippines and fighting for independence and religious freedom. The Philippine Revolution began on August 26, 1896 led by Andres Bonifacio, the leader of the Katipunan. On November 18, 1897, a Katipunan council was formed in western Pangasinan with Roman Manalang as Presidente Generalisimo and Mauro Ortiz as General. General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed Philippine independence on June 12, 1898. Dagupan City, the major commercial center of Pangasinan, was surrounded by Katipunan forces by July 18, 1898. The Battle of Dagupan lasted from July 18 to July 23 of that year with the surrender of 1,500 soldiers of the Spanish forces under Commander Federico J. Ceballos and Governor Joaquin de Orengochea.

The Battle of Dagupan, fought fiercely by local Katipuneros under the overall command of General Francisco Makabulos, chief of the Central and Directive Committee of Central and Northern Luzon, and the last remnants of the once mighty Spanish Army under General Francisco Ceballos, led to the liberation of Pangasinan from the Spaniards. The five-day battle was joined by three local heroes, Don Daniel Maramba from Santa Barbara, Don Vicente Del Prado from San Jacinto and Don Juan Quezada from Dagupan, whose armies massed in Dagupan to lay siege on the Spanish forces, making a last stand at the brick-walled Catholic Church.

Maramba led the liberation of the town of Santa Barbara on March 7, 1898 following a signal for simultaneous attack from Makabulos. Hearing that Sta. Barbara fell into rebel hands, the Spanish forces in Dagupan attempted to retake the town, but were repulsed by Maramba’s forces. Thus, after the setback, the Spaniards decided to concentrate their forces in Lingayen to protect the provincial capital. This enabled Maramba to expand his operations to Malasiqui, Urdaneta and Mapandan, taking them one after the other. He took one more town, Mangaldan, before proceeding to Dagupan to lay siege on the last Spanish garrison. Also on March 7, 1898, the rebels under the command of Del Prado, and Quesada attacked convents in a number of towns in Zambales province, located west of Lingayen, which now constitute the western parts of Pangasinan.

Attacked and brought under Filipino control were Alaminos, Agno, Anda, Alos, Bani, Balincaguin, Bolinao, Dasol, Eguia and Potot. Then the revolt spread to Labrador, Sual, Salasa and many other towns in the west. The towns of Sual, Labrador, Lingayen, Salasa and Bayambang were occupied first by the forces of Del Prado and Quesada before they proceeded to attack Dagupan.

At an assembly convened to organize a central governing body for Central and Northern Luzon on April 17, 1898, General Makabulos appointed Del Prado as politico-military governor of Pangasinan, with Quesada as his second in command. His appointment came few days before the return of General Emilio Aguinaldo in May 1898 from his exile in Hongkong following the signing of the Pact of Biac-na-Bato in December 1897. Aguinaldo’s return gave fresh impetus to the renewal of the flame of the revolution. Thus, on June 3, 1898, General Makabulos entered Tarlac and from that day on, the fires of revolution spread.

So successful were the Filipinos in their many pitched battles against the Spaniards that on June 30, 1898, Spanish authorities decided to evacuate all their forces to Dagupan where a last stand against the rebels was to be made. Also ordered to go to Dagupan were all civilian and military personnel, including members of the voluntarios locales of towns not yet in rebel hands. Those who heeded this order were the volunteer forces of Mangaldan, San Jacinto, Pozorrubio, Manaoag and Villasis. Among those brought to Dagupan was the image of the Most Holy Rosary of the Virgin of Manaoag, which at that time was already the patron saint of Pangasinan.

When the forces of Maramba from the east and Del Prado from the west converged in Dagupan on July 18, 1898, the siege began. The arrival of General Makabulos strengthened the rebel forces until the Spaniards, holed up inside the Catholic Church, waved the flag of surrender five days later. Armed poorly, the Filipinos were no match at the very start with Spanish soldiers holed inside the Church. They just became mere sitting ducks to Spanish soldiers shooting with their rifles from a distance. But the tempo of battle changed when the attackers devised a crude means of protection to shield them from Spanish fire while advancing. This happened when they rolled trunks of bananas, bundled up in sawali, that enabled them to inch their way to the Church.

American Colonization

Pangasinan and other parts of the Spanish East Indies were ceded to the Americans after the Treaty of Paris that closed the Spanish-American War. During the Philippine-American War, General Jose Torres Bugallon from the town of Salasa fought together with General Antonio Luna to defend the First Philippine Republic against American colonization of Northern Luzon. Bugallon was killed in battle on February 5, 1899. The First Philippine Republic was abolished on 1901. In 1907, the Philippine Assembly was established and for the first time, five residents of Pangasinan were elected as its district representatives. On 1921, Mauro Navarro, representing Pangasinan in the Philippine Assembly sponsored a law renaming the town of Salasa to Bugallon to honor General Bugallon.

Cities

City	Income Class	District	Population (2007)	Area (km²)
Alaminos City	5th class, component	1st	79,788	164
Dagupan City	1st class, independent component	4th	149,554	37
San Carlos	3rd class, component	3rd	161,884	169
Urdaneta City	2nd class, component	5th	120,785	100

Municipalities

Municipality	Income Class	District	Population (2007)	Area (km²)
Agno	3rd Class	1st	26,023	170
Aguilar	3rd Class	2nd	36,564	195
Alcala	3rd Class	5th	38,934	46
Anda	3rd Class	1st	34,398	75
Asingan	2nd Class	6th	54,092	67
Balungao	4th Class	6th	25,214	73
Bani	2nd Class	1st	45,652	180
Basista	4th Class	2nd	28,104	24
Bautista	4th Class	5th	28,094	46
Bayambang	1st Class	3rd	103,145	144
Binalonan	1st Class	5th	52,722	48
Binmaley	1st Class	2nd	76,214	119
Bolinao	1st Class	1st	69,568	197
Bugallon	2nd Class	2nd	62,237	190
Burgos	4th Class	1st	20,187	131
Calasiao	1st Class	3rd	85,419	48
Dasol	3rd Class	1st	27,027	167
Infanta	3rd Class	1st	23,731	254
Labrador	4th Class	2nd	20,508	91
Laoac	4th Class	5th	28,266	41
Lingayen	1st Class	2nd	95,773	63
Mabini	3rd Class	1st	23,338	291
Malasiqui	1st Class	3rd	122,820	131
Manaoag	1st Class	4th	62,684	56
Mangaldan	1st Class	4th	90,391	48
Mangatarem	1st Class	2nd	65,366	318
Mapandan	3rd Class	3rd	32,905	30
Natividad	4th Class	6th	21,560	134
Pozorrubio	1st Class	5th	63,689	135
Rosales	1st Class	6th	57,702	66
San Fabian	1st Class	4th	74,005	81
San Jacinto	3rd Class	4th	35,591	44
San Manuel	1st Class	6th	46,769	129
San Nicolas	1st Class	6th	33,419	210
San Quintin	3rd Class	6th	30,556	116
Santa Barbara	1st Class	3rd	73,025	61
Santa Maria	4th Class	6th	30,721	70
Santo Tomas	5th Class	5th	13,706	13
Sison	3rd Class	5th	42,791	82
Sual	1st Class	1st	29,925	130
Tayug	3rd Class	6th	37,954	51
Umingan	1st Class	6th	62,497	258
Urbiztondo	3rd Class	2nd	43,430	82
Villasis	1st Class	5th	56,668	76

SOCIALIZATION

The term socialization is used by sociologists, social psychologists and educationalists to refer to the process of learning one’s culture and how to live within it. For the individual it provides the skills and habits necessary for acting and participating within their society. For the society, inducting all individual members into its moral norms, attitudes, values, motives, social roles, language and symbols is the ‘means by which social and cultural continuity are attained’ (Clausen 1968: 5).

Socialization is the process by which children and adults learn from others. We begin learning from others during the early days of life; and most people continue their social learning all through life (unless some mental or physical disability slows or stops the learning process). Sometimes the learning is fun, as when we learn a new sport, art or musical technique from a friend we like. At other times, social learning is painful, as when we learn not to drive too fast by receiving a large fine for speeding.

Natural socialization occurs when infants and youngsters explore, play and discover the social world around them. Planned socialization occurs when other people take actions designed to teach or train others — from infancy on. Natural socialization is easily seen when looking at the young of almost any mammalian species (and some birds). Planned socialization is mostly a human phenomenon; and all through history, people have been making plans for teaching or training others. Both natural and planned socialization can have good and bad features: It is wise to learn the best features of both natural and planned socialization and weave them into our lives.

Positive socialization is the type of social learning that is based on pleasurable and exciting experiences. We tend to like the people who fill our social learning processes with positive motivation, loving care, and rewarding opportunities. Negative socialization occurs when others use punishment, harsh criticisms or anger to try to “teach us a lesson;” and often we come to dislike both negative socialization and the people who impose it on us.

Our prior socialization helps explain a gigantic chunk of which we are at present — what we think and feel, where we plan to go in life. But we are not limited by the things given to us by our prior social learning experiences; we can take all our remaining days and steer our future social learning in directions that we value. The more that we know about the socialization process, the more effective we can be in directing our future learning in the ways that will help us most.

Types

Primary socialization

Primary socialization occurs when a child learns the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a particular culture. For example if a child saw his/her mother expressing a discriminatory opinion about a minority group, then that child may think this behavior is acceptable and could continue to have this opinion about minority groups.

Secondary socialization

Secondary socialization refers to the process of learning what is appropriate behavior as a member of a smaller group within the larger society. It is usually associated with teenagers and adults, and involves smaller changes than those occurring in primary socialization. eg. entering a new profession, relocating to a new environment or society.

Developmental socialization

Developmental socialization is the process of learning behavior in a social institution or developing your social skills.

Anticipatory socialization

Anticipatory socialization refers to the processes of socialization in which a person “rehearses” for future positions, occupations, and social relationships.

Resocialization

Resocialization refers to the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one’s life. This occurs throughout the human life cycle (Schaefer & Lamm, 1992: 113). Resocialization can be an intense experience, with the individual experiencing a sharp break with their past, and needing to learn and be exposed to radically different norms and values. An example might be the experience of a young man or woman leaving home to join the military.

Agents of Socialization

Agents of socialization are the people and groups that influence our self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behavior.

1. The Family. Family is responsible for, among other things, determining one’s attitudes toward religion and establishing career goals.
2. Education. Education is the agency responsible for socializing groups of young people in particular skills and values in society.
3. Peer groups. Peers refer to people who are roughly the same age and/or who share other social characteristics (e.g., students in a college class).
4. The Mass Media.
5. Other Agents: Religion, Work Place, The State.

Huling Paalam

Paalam, bayan kong minamahal
lupa mong sagana sa sikat ng araw;
Edeng paraiso ang dito’y pumanaw
at Perlas ng dagat sa may Silanganan.

Buong kasiyahang inihahain ko
kahiman aba na ang buhay kong ito.
maging dakila ma’y alay rin sa iyo
kung ito’y dahil sa kaligayahan mo.

Ang nakikilabang dumog sa digmaan
inihahandog din ang kanilang buhay.
kahit kahirapa’y hindi gunamgunam
sa kasawian man o pagtatagumpay.

Maging bibitaya’t, mabangis na sakit
o pakikilabang suong ay panganib
titiising lahat kung siyang nais
ng tahana’t bayang aking iniibig.

Mamamatay akong sa aking pangmalas
silahis ng langit ay nanganganinag
ang pisgni ng araw ay muling sisikat
sa kabila nitong malamlam na ulap.

Kahit aking buhay, aking hinahangad
na aking ihandog kapag kailangan
sa ikaririlag ng yong pagsilang
dugo ko’y ibubo’t kulay ay kuminang

Mulang magkaisip at lumaking sukat
pinangarap ko sa bait ay maganap;
ikaw’y mamasdan kong marikit na hiyas
na nakaliligid sa silangan dagat.

Sa bukas ng mukha’y, noo’y magniningning
sa mata’y wala nang luhang mapapait
wala ka ng poot, wala ng ligalig
walang kadungua’t munti mang hilahil.

Sa aba kong buhay, may banal na nais
kagaling’y kamtan nang ito’y masulit
ng aking kaluluwang handa nang umalis
ligaya’y angkin mo, pagkarikit-dikit.

Nang ako’y maaba’t, ikaw’y napataas,
ang ako’y mamatay nang ikaw’y mabigyan
ng isang buhay na lipos ng kariktan
sa ilalim ng langit ikaw ay mahimlay.

Kung sa ibang araw, mayroon kang mapansin
sa gitna ng mga damong masisinsin
nipot na bulaklak sa ibabaw ng libing
ito’y halikan mo’t, itaos sa akin.

Sa bango ng iyong pagsuyong kay tamis
pagsintang sa dibdib may tanging angkin
hayaang noo ko’y tumanggap ng init
pagka’t natabunan ng lupang malamig.

Hayaang ang buwan sa aki’y magmasid
kalat na liwanag, malamlam pa mandin;
Hayaang liwayway ihatid sa akin
ang banaag niyang dagling nagmamaliw.

Hayaang gumibik ang simoy ng hangin
hayaan sa himig masayang awitin
ng ibong darapo sa kurus ng libing
ang payapang buhay ay langit ng aliw.

Hayaang ang araw na lubhang maningas
gawing parang ulap sa patak ng ulan
maging panganorin sa langit umakyat
ang mga daing ko’y kasama’t kalangkap.

Hayaang ang aking madaling pagpanaw
iluha ng mga labis na nagmahal
kapag may nag-usal sa akin ng dasal
ako’y iyo sanang idalangin naman.

Ipagdasal mo rin mga kapuspalad,
mga nangamatay pati naghihirap
mga dusa’t sakit ina’y tumatanggap
ng tigib ng lungkot at luhang masaklap.

Ipagdasal mo rin mga naulila
at nangapipiit sakbibi ng diwa;
ipagdasal mo rin tubusing talaga
ang pagka-aliping laging binabata.

Kapag madilim na sa abang libingan
at nilalambungan ang gabing mapanglaw
walang nakatanod kundi pulos patay
huwag gambalain, ang katahimikan.

Magbigay-pitagan sa hiwagang lihim
at mauulinig wari’y mga tinig
ng isang salteryo, ito’y ako na rin
inaawitan ka ng aking pag-ibig.

Kung nalimutan na yaring aking libing
kurus man at bato’y wala na rin mandin
bayaang sa bukid lupa’y bungkalin
at ito’y isabong sa himpapawirin.

Limutin man ako’y di na kailangan
aking lilibuting iyong kalawakan
at dadalhin ako sa ‘yong kaparangan
magiging taginting yaring alingawngaw.

Ang samyo, tinig at himig na masaya
kulay at liwanag may lugod sa mata
paulit-ulitin sa tuwi-tuwina
ang aking taimtim na nasa’t pag-asa.

Awit Ng Manlalakbay

Kagaya ng dahong nalanta, nalagas,
Sinisiklut-siklot ng hanging marahas;
Abang manlalakbay ay wala nang liyag,
Layuin, kalulwa’t bayang matatawag.

Hinahabul-habol yaong kapalarang
Mailap at hindi masunggab-sunggaban;
Magandang pag-asa’y kung nanlalabo man,
Siya’y patuloy ring patungo kung saan!

Sa udyok ng hindi nakikitang lakas,
Silanga’t Kanlura’y kanyang nililipad,
Mga minamahal ay napapangarap,
Gayon din ang araw ng pamamanatag.

Sa pusod ng isang disyertong mapanglaw,
Siya’y maaaring doon na mamatay,
Limot ng daigdig at sariling bayan,
Kamtan nawa niya ang kapayapaan!

Dami ng sa kanya ay nangaiinggit,
Ibong naglalakaby sa buong daigdig,
Hindi nila tanto ang laki ng hapis
Na sa kanyang puso ay lumiligalig.

Kung sa mga tanging minahal sa buhay
Siya’y magbalik pa pagdating ng araw,
Makikita niya’y mga guho lamang
At puntod ng kanyang mga kaibigan.

Abang manlalakbay! Huwag nang magbalik,
Sa sariling baya’y wala kang katalik;
Bayaang ang puso ng iba’y umawit,
Lumaboy kang muli sa buong daigdig.

Abang manlalakbay! Bakit babalik pa?
Ang luhang inyukol sa iyo’y tuyo na;
Abang manlalakbay! Limutin ang dusa,
Sa hapis ng tao, mundo’y nagtatawa.

Kundiman

Tunay ngayong umid yaring dila’t puso
Sinta’y umiilag, tuwa’y lumalayo,
Bayan palibhasa’y lupig at sumuko
Sa kapabayaan ng nagturong puno.

Datapuwa’t muling sisikat ang araw,
Pilit maliligtas ang inaping bayan,
Magbabalik mandin at muling iiral
Ang ngalang Tagalog sa sandaigdigan.

Ibubuhos namin ang dugo’t babaha
Matubos nga lamang ang sa amang lupa
Habang di ninilang panahong tadhana,
Sinta’y tatahimik, iidlip ang nasa.

Ang Ligpit kong Tahanan

Sa tabi ng dagat na humahalik pa sa tiping buhangin,
Malapit sa paa ng bundok na pelus kung pagmamalasin,
Ang munti kong kubo’y doon itinirik, sa saganang lilim
Ng mga halamang nakikipaglaro sa ihip ng hangin.
Aking dinudulang sa katabing gubat na masalimisim
Ang katiwasayang panlunas sa hapong isip ko’t damdamin.

Ang atip ng bubong ay hamak na pawid, sahig ay kawayan,
Magaspang na kahoy ang mga haligi, pingga at tahilan,
Sa kubo kong ito ay walang bahangin may kahalagahan,
Lalong mabuti pa ang doon humilig sa lunting damuhan
Na abot ng bulong at awit ng dagat sa dalampasigan.

Doon ay may batis na umaawit pa habang naglalagos
Sa mga batuhan, magmula sa gubat sa may dakong likod;
Batis ay nagsanga sa tulong ng isang magaspang na tungkod,
kung gabing tahimik ay may bulong siyang nakapag-aantok,
At kung araw naman, ang langit ay parang ibig na maabot.

Kung ang kalangita’y payapang-payapa, agos ay banayad,
Panay ang taginting ng kanyang gitarang hindi namamalas,
Pagbagsak ng ulan, ang tulin ng agos ay walang katulad,
Humahagunot pa sa nangaghambalang na batong malapad,
Sa di mapipigil na kanyang pagtakbong patungo sa dagat.

Palahaw ng aso at awit ng ibon, at sigaw ng kalaw,
Ang ingay na tanging siyang bumabasag sa katahimikan;
Doo’y di kilala ang tinig ng taong palalo’t mayabang
Na susunu-sunod sa nasang guluhin ang aking isipan;
Ako’y naliligid ng katabing dagat at ng gubat lamang.

Ang dagat, ah, ito ay siya ngang lahat kung para sa akin,
Kung dumadaluhong mula sa di tanaw na mga pampangin,
Sa akin, ang kanyang ngiti kung pananalig ko’y parang
nagmamaliw,
At kung dapit-hapong ang pananalig ko’y parang nagmamaliw,
Siya ay may bulong na inihahatid sa akin ng hangin.

Pagdating ng gabi, dakilang palabas ng kahiwagaan,
Malaking liwanag ng mumunting kislap na hindi mabilang
Ang doon sa langit ay nakalaganap sa kaitaasan;
Habang dinadalit niyong mga alon ang saklap ng buhay,
Dalit na malabo pagka’t nilulunod ang sariling ingay.

Isinasalaysay ang ayos ng mundo nang unang sumikat
Ang araw sa langit, at sila’y laruin ng kanyang liwanag;
Nang mula sa wala’y dami ng kinapal ang biglang kumalat
Sa kailaliman, at sa kapatagan, magpahanggang gubat,
Sa lahat ng dako na abot ng halik ng mayamang sinag.

Nguni’t kung sa gabi’y magising ang hanging malikot, mailap,
At ang mga alon, sa galit na dala’y susugod, lulundag,
Mayrong mga siagaw na sa aking puso’y nagbibigay-sindak
, Mga tinig waring nagsisipagdasal, o nag sisiiyak,
Nagsisipanaghoy sa kailalimang kadilima’y ganap.

At saka uugong ang marahang taghoy na mula sa bundok,
Mga punungkahoy at ang mga damo’y nagsisipangatog,
Pati mga pastol ay nababalisa’t pawang mga takot,
Sapagka’t, anila, ang mga kalulwa’y noon sumisipot
At nag-aanyayang sa kanilang handa sila ay dumulog.

Gabi’y bumubulong sa gitna ng sindak at pagkaligalig,
At sa dagat nama’y bughaw’t lunting apoy ang pasilip-silip;
Pag ngiti ng araw’y payapa na naman ang buong paligid,
At mula sa laot, yaong mangingisda ay napagigilid,
Sugod na ang lunday at ang mga alon ay nananahimik.

Ganyan ang buhay ko sa aking payapa’t ligpit na tahanan;
Sa mundong nang dati ay kilala ako, ako’y pinapanaw,
Nasapit kong palad, sa ngayon ay aking binubulay-bulay;
Isang bato akong binalot ng lumot upanding matakpan
Sa mata ng mundo ang mga damdaming sa puso ay taglay.

Dahil sa naiwang mga minamahal, ako’y nangangamba,
Mga ngalan nila’y di ko nalilimot sa laot ng sigwa;
May nangagsilayo at mayroon namang nangagsipanaw na;
Nguni’t sa lumipas kong hindi mapapaknit kahit agawin pa.

Kaibigan iyang sa lahat ng oras ay aking kapiling
Sa gitna ng lumbay ay nagpapasigla sa diwa’t damdamin;
Sa gabing tahimik, siya’y nagtatanod at nananalangin,
Kasama-sama ko sa pagkakatapong malungkot isipan,
Upang kung manlaming ang pananalig ko ay papag-alabin.

Yaong pananalig na ibig ko sanang makitang kumislap
Sa dakilang araw ng pangingibabaw ng Isip sa lakas;
Kung makalipas na itong kamataya’t labanang marahas,
Ay may ibang tinig, na lalong masigla at puspos ng galak,
Na siyang aawit ng pananangumpay ng matwid, sa lahat.

Aking natatanaw na namumula na ang magandang langit,
Gaya noong aking bukuin sa hagap ang una kong nais;
Aking nadarama ang dati ring hangin sa noong may pawis,
Nararamdam ko ang dati ring apoy na nagpapainit
Sa tinataglay kong dugong kabataang magulo ang isip.

Ang nilalanghap kong mga simoy dito’y nagdaan marahil
Sa mga ilugan at sa mga bukid niyong bayan namin;
Sa pagbalik nila ay kanila sanang ihatid sa akin
Ang buntong-hininga ng minamahal kong malayo sa piling,
Pahatid na mula sa pinagsanglaan ng unang paggiliw.

Kung aking mamasdan sa abuhing langit ang buwang marilag.
Nararamdaman kong ang sugat ng puso’y muling nagnanaknak;
Naaalaala ang sumpaan naming kami’y magtatapat,
Ang dalampasigan, ang bukid at saka arkong may bulaklak,
Ang buntong-hininga, ang pananahimik at ang piping galak.

Isang paruparong hanap ay bulaklak at saka liwanag,
Malalayong bayan ang lagi nang laman ng kanyang pangarap;
Musmos na musmos pa, tahana’y nilisa’t ako ay lumayang,
Upang maglimayon, na ang diwa’y laya at walang bagabag – -
Ganyan ko ginugol ang mga pili kong panahon at oras.

At nang mapilitang ako ay bumalik sa dating tahanan,
Kagaya ng isang ibong nanghina na sa kapanahunan,
May nag bagong sigwang malakas, mabangis na parang
halimaw;
Ang mga pakpak ko’y nagkabali-bali’t tahana’y pumanaw,
Ang aking tiwala’y ipinagkanulo’t lahat na’y nagunaw.

Sa pagkakatapong malayo sa bayang pinakaiibig,
Ang hinaharap ko’y madilim na lubha’t walang tatangkilik:
Pamuli na namang susungaw ang aking mga panaginip,
Tanging kayamanan ng kabuhayan kong sagana sa hapis;
Mga pananalig niyong kabataang matapat, malinis.

Dapwa’t kung ikaw ma’y umaasa ngayong iyong makakamtan
Yaong gantimpalang hindi magmamaliw magpakailan man,
Hindi ka na paris ng dating magilas at buhay na buhay;
Sa hapis mong mukha’y may bakas na hindi mapagkakamalan
Yaong pananalig na dapat mahalin at ipagsanggalang.

At upang aliwin, handog mo sa aki’y mga panaginip,
Nagsaang panahon ng kabataan ko’y ipinasisilip;
Kaya nga salamat, O sigwang biyaya sa akin ng langit,
Alam mo ang oras na takdang pagpigil sa gala kong isip,
Upang ibalik mo sa pinanggalingang lupang iniibig.

Sa tabi ng dagat na humahalik pa sa tiping buhangin,
Malapit sa paa ng bundok na pelus kung pagmamalasin,
Aking nasumpungan ang isang tahanang sagana sa lilim,
Aking natuklasan sa katabing gubat na masalimsim
Ang katiwasayang panlunas sa hapong isip ko’t damdamin.

Isang Alaala Ng Aking Bayan

Nagugunita ko ang nagdaang araw
ng kamusmusang kong kay sayang pumanaw
sa gilid ng isang baybaying luntian
ng rumaragasang agos ng dagatan;
Kung alalahanin ang damping marahan
halik sa noo ko ng hanging magaslaw
ito’y naglalagos sa ‘king katauhan
lalong sumisigla’t nagbabagong buhay

Kung aking masdan ang liryong busilak
animo’y nagduruyan sa hanging marahas
habang sa buhangin dito’y nakalatag
ang lubhang maalon, mapusok na dagat
Kung aking samyuin sa mga bulaklak
kabanguhan nito ay ikinakalat
ang bukang liwayway na nanganganinag
masayang bumabati, may ngiti sa lahat.

Naalaala kong may kasamang lumbay
ang kamusmusan ko nang nagdaang araw
Kasama-sama ko’y inang mapagmahal
siyang nagpapaganda sa aba kong buhay.
Naalaala kong lubhang mapanglaw
bayan kong Kalambang aking sinilangan
sa dalampasigan ng dagat-dagatan
sadlakan ng aking saya’t kaaliwan

Di miminsang tumikim ng galak
sa tabing-ilog mong lubhang mapanatag
Mababakas pa rin yaong mga yapak
na nag-uunahan sa ‘yong mga gubat
sa iyong kapilya’y sa ganda ay salat
ang mga dasal ko’y laging nag-aalab
habang ako nama’y maligayang ganap
bisa ng hanging mo ay walang katulad.

Ang kagubatan mong kahanga-hanga
Nababanaag ko’y Kamay ng Lumikha
sa iyong himlayan ay wala nang luha
wala nang daranas ni munting balisa
ang bughaw mong langit na tinitingala
dala ang pag-ibig sa puso at diwa
buong kalikasa’y titik na mistula
aking nasisinag pangarap kong tuwa.

Ang kamusmusan ko sa bayan kong giliw
dito’y masagana ang saya ko’t aliw
ng naggagandahang tugtog at awitin
siyang nagtataboy ng luha’t hilahil
Hayo na, bumalik ka’t muli mong dalawin
ang katauhan ko’y dagling pagsamahin
tulad ng pagbalik ng ibon sa hardin
sa pananagana ng bukong nagbitin.

Paalam sa iyo, ako’y magpupuyat
ako’y magbabantay, walang paghuhumpay
ang kabutihan mo na sa aking pangarap
Nawa’y daluyan ka ng biyaya’t lingap
ng dakilang Diwa ng maamong palad;
tanging ikaw lamang panatang maalab
pagdarasal kita sa lahat ng oras
na ikaw ay laging manatiling tapat.

Sa Kabataang Pilipino

Itaas ang iyong noong aliwalas
ngayon, Kabataan ng aking pangarap!
ang aking talino na tanging liwanag
ay pagitawin mo, Pag-asa ng Bukas!

Ikaw ay lumitaw, O Katalinuhan
magitang na diwang puno sa isipan
mga puso nami’y sa iyo’y naghihintay
at dalhin mo roon sa kaitaasan.

Bumaba kang taglay ang kagiliw-giliw
na mga silahis ng agham at sining
mga Kabataan, hayo na’t lagutin
ang gapos ng iyong diwa at damdamin.

Masdan ang putong na lubhang makinang
sa gitna ng dilim ay matitigan
maalam na kamay, may dakilang alay
sa nagdurusa mong bayang minamahal.

Ikaw na may bagwis ng pakpak na nais
kagyat na lumipad sa tuktok ng langit
paghanapin mo ang malambing na tinig
doon sa Olimpo’y pawang nagsisikap.

Ikaw na ang himig ay lalong mairog
Tulad ni Pilomel na sa luha’y gamot
at mabisang lunas sa dusa’t himuntok
ng puso at diwang sakbibi ng lungkot

Ikaw, na ang diwa’y makapangyarihan
matigas na bato’y mabibigyang-buhay
mapagbabago mo alaalang taglay
sa iyo’y nagiging walang kamatayan.

Ikaw, na may diwang inibig ni Apeles
sa wika inamo ni Pebong kay rikit
sa isang kaputol na lonang maliit
ginuhit ang ganda at kulay ng langit.

Humayo ka ngayon, papagningasin mo
ang alab ng iyong isip at talino
maganda mong ngala’y ikalat sa mundo
at ipagsigawan ang dangal ng tao.

Araw na dakila ng ligaya’t galak
magsaya ka ngayon, mutyang Pilipinas
purihin ang bayang sa iyo’y lumingap
at siyang nag-akay sa mabuting palad.

Pinatutula Ako

Iyong hinihiling, lira ay tugtugin
bagaman sira na’t laon nang naumid
ayaw nang tumipa ang nagtampong bagting
pati aking Musa ay nagtago narin.

malungkot na nota ang nasnaw na himig
waring hinuhugot dusa at hinagpis
at ang alingawngaw ay umaaliwiw
sa sarili na ring puso at damdamin.
kaya nga’t sa gitna niring aking hapis
yaring kalul’wa ko’y parang namamanhid.

Nagkapanahon nga … kaipala’y, tunay
ang mga araw na matuling nagdaan
nang ako sa akong Musa’y napamahal
lagi na sa akin, ngiti’y nakalaan.

ngunit marami nang lumipas na araw
sa aking damdamin alaala’y naiwan
katulad ng saya at kaligayahan
kapag dumaan na’y may hiwagang taglay
na mga awiting animo’y lumulutang
sa aking gunitang malabo, malamlam.

Katulad ko’y binhing binunot na tanim
sa nilagakan kong Silangang lupain
pawang lahat-lahat ay kagiliw-giliw
manirahan doo’y sayang walang maliw.

ang bayan kong ito, na lubhang marikit
sa diwa’t puso ko’y hindi mawawaglit
ibong malalaya, nangagsisiawit
mulang kabundukan, lagaslas ng tubig
ang halik ng dagat sa buhangin mandin
lahat ng ito’y, hindi magmamaliw.

Nang ako’y musmos pa’y aking natutuhang
masayang batiin ang sikat ng araw
habang sa diwa ko’y waring naglalatang
silakbo ng isang kumukulong bulkan.

laon nang makata, kaya’t ako nama’y
laging nagnanais na aking tawagan
sa diwa at tula, hanging nagduruyan:
“Ikalat mo lamang ang kanyang pangalan,
angking kabantugan ay ipaghiyawan
mataas, mababa’y, hayaang magpisan”.